What characterizes a custodial search compared to a pat down?

A custodial search is characterized by its comprehensive nature, especially in an unsecured environment. Unlike a pat-down, which is typically limited to a quick exterior search focused primarily on locating weapons, a custodial search involves a more thorough examination of the individual’s person and belongings. This type of search is usually conducted when a person has been detained and is in a situation where law enforcement has a heightened responsibility for safety and security.

During custodial searches, officers may look for contraband, evidence, or any items that may pose a risk, not just weapons. This comprehensive approach is crucial in situations where the safety of both the officers and the public could be compromised. In contrast, a pat-down is much more focused and limited in scope, primarily performed for the immediate safety of the officer.

The other options mentioned do not accurately capture the essence of a custodial search. A custodial search is systematic and necessary given the context of detaining an individual, which does not align with the notion of being informal (first option). It is not limited to checking for weapons only (second option), and it is not solely reliant on verbal instructions (fourth option), as physical searches and observations are also part of this procedure.