Which scenario best exemplifies passive resistance?

Passive resistance is characterized by an individual's refusal to comply with an officer's instructions without engaging in physical resistance or aggressive behavior. In the scenario where a subject refuses to exit their vehicle during a traffic stop, the individual is not actively resisting by using force or attempting to escape, but is instead exhibiting non-compliant behavior by simply remaining in their seat. This action reflects a refusal to cooperate while maintaining a non-violent posture.

This is distinct from the other scenarios presented. For instance, running away from an officer actively indicates an attempt to evade or resist arrest, which is not passive. Similarly, pushing back against an officer's hand or trying to hit an officer involves physical confrontation and aggression, which are forms of active resistance rather than passive.

Thus, the correct scenario that exemplifies passive resistance is where a subject does not engage in any aggressive action but merely refuses to comply with an order, highlighting their intent to resist without physical altercation.